Examples of wave motion include waves on strings, water waves, seismic waves. Sound is a common example of a longitudinal wave, since the air through which a sound. Types of wave motion wave motion is mainly two types. If the string is very long compared position as the pulse or wave passes through them. Guru is a free educational site for students, we started jeemain. The oscillations are normal to the direction of wave motion along the string, so this is an example of transverse wave. Mar 15, 2010 wave speed on a string, tension, intensity, power, amplitude, frequency inverse square law physics duration. There is a distinction between wave motion and particle motion. Chapter 10 wave motion 343 would look like if our eyes were sensitive to very subtle pressure variationsfigure 10. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. The wave function plotter model displays a onedimensional wave function ux,t depicting a disturbance at position x and time t. Wave motion and sound the general discussion of wave motion is important because the ideas of wave propagation are ubiquitous. The document covers class 12 physics notes on sound waves containing top concepts like wave motion, mechanical wave motion, progressive wave, superposition principle, stationary waves etc.
Instructors are permitted to make and distribute copies for their classes. The wave in which the particle experiences displacement parallel to the direction of the propagation. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, which may or may not displace particles of the medium. Energy and power in waves 1 energy in a string the kinetic energy of a mass m with velocity v is 1 2 mv2. Vibration is the rapid to and fro motion of an object. Simple harmonic motion is introduced and described in mathematical terms. Introduction to waves mechanical waves and sound physics. Ancient greek philosophers, many of whom were interested in music, hypothesized that there was a connection between waves and sound, and that vibrations, or disturbances, must be responsible for sounds. The physics classroom grants teachers and other users the right to print this pdf document and to download this pdf document for private use. Production of sound sound is produced due to the vibration of objects. Learn about the basics of waves in this topic, then learn more about light waves in the topics below. Ncert cbse notes for class 9 science physics chapter 12 sound.
Motion of the waves energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion earthquakes, ocean waves produce rolling motion. Introduction to the physics of waves and sound uvic. In the case of sound waves, the vibrations create a series of compressions and expansions and the wave travels along the compression in the direction of the propagation. Thus, it is the simplest of the experiments in the package. Shear wave the particle motion direction is orthogonal perpendicular to direction in which the disturbance and the energy propagates. In nearly all areas of science and therefore real life energy is transferred via the vibrations that make up waves. Benjamin cardozo we would accomplish many more things if we did not think of them as impossible.
Professionals, teachers, students and kids trivia quizzes to test your knowledge on the subject. Most familiar are surface waves on water, but both sound and light travel as wavelike disturbances, and the motion of all subatomic particles exhibits. Get acquainted the concepts of wave motion, transverse wave, longitudinal wave, light wave and sound wave with the help of study material for iitjee by askiitians. Calculate the speed of sound in air from this data, q3 the speed of sound is approximately 340 m s.
Sound lies at the very center of speech communication. We have listed top multiple choice questions and answers on sound wave in physics. Example of waveexample of wave medium type of perturbationtype of perturbation wave on a rope elastic rope lateral motion of the rope wave on the surface of water water displacement from equilibrium sound wave gas,q, liquids, solids pressure changes electromagnetic wave radio wave, microwave, thermal wave light x. A sinusoidal wave of frequency 500 hz has a speed of 350 ms. How can it make sense to use the same word wave for all these disparate. There is no sound in space theyll probably throw you out of the theater for causing a disturbance i. A wave is the motion of a disturbance traveling through a medium not the. A wave is a disturbance which propagates energy and momentum from one place to the other without the transport of matter.
Dec 19, 2017 the frequency of a wave is the number of complete waves passing a fixed point in a given amount of time. Chapter 16 waves and sound 181 if you gather the spring up into a bunch and let it go, you create a longitudinal wave, in which the spring vibrates in a direction which is parallel to the direction of motion of the wave. Traveling waves appear only after a thorough exploration of onedimensional standing waves. Ayesha starts the stopwatch when she sees salma make a sound and she stops it when she hears the sound herself. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. In this chapter we shall discuss the phenomenon of waves. Wave motion and sound department of physics and astronomy. Consider an example using light and sound as sources of information to explore.
Use tuning forks for sound and resonance activities and projects. In general, sound waves in any medium can be a mixture of. In solids, you can have transverse shear and torsional waves. Wave addition the pdf file below accompanies the wave addition interactive. A sound wave traveling at 350 ms has a frequency of 500 hz. Examples are drawn from the physics of discrete mechanical systems.
Oscillations and mechanical waves physics science khan. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. This is an interactive, online etext on the physics of sound. The default wave function is sinusoidal but any other analytic function can be entered in the text box. Bending waves in a beam or plate, and water waves are a mixture of shear and longitudinal waves. This is a phenomenon which appears in many contexts throughout physics, and therefore our attention should be concentrated on it not only because of the particular example considered here, which is sound, but also because of the much wider application of the ideas in all branches of physics. Shear wave the particle motion direction is orthogonal perpendicular to. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. The wave equation outline of mechanical waves longitudinal and transverse waves waves in a string, sound waves the wave equation description of waves using functions of two variables travelling waves the wave equation 0 y v y 1 2 2 2 2 2. The third section describes how the simple systems analyzed in the.
Likewise a wind motion of air as a whole should not be confused with a sound wave which is a propagation of disturbance in pressure density in air, without the. Wave motion, propagation of disturbancesthat is, deviations from a state of rest or equilibriumfrom place to place in a regular and organized way. This particular model, designed by friedrich fessel and julius plucker, could also show double refraction. Echolocation waves can have frequencies of about 100,000 hz. So that particles can return to their mean position, after having been disturbed. This questions are the general question asked in various exams in school for general science and entrance exams for engineering. Handson experiments simulate sound waves in a visible way thats easy for students to remember. Much of our current understanding of wave motion has come from the study of acoustics. Longitudinal wave, which moves the medium parallel to the wave motion. Description of waves using functions of two variables. The magnitude of this fluctuation from equilibrium is known as the amplitude of the sound wave. Wave and motion wave motion a wave is the disturbance produce in the medium from an equilibrium condition which travels with the finite velocity in the region of space. However, it does talk about a fairly large number of concepts and definitions which may be unfamiliar to you, and a careful. The original slinky or helical springs show transverse and longitudinal wave motion in action.
How to develop effective study habits mar, 2020 pdf view jh sir physical chemistry notes for class 12 mar 8, 2020 pdf nv sir 11th class physics notes for jee and boards feb 27, 2020 pdf download nv sir physics notes complete for jee feb 22, 2020 pdf download premium mathematics revision notes chapterwise for jee main feb 15, 2020. The frequency of a wave is the number of complete waves passing a fixed point in a given amount of time. I hope to emphasize that the physics of standing waves is the same. These pressure disturbances move out into the surrounding air at approximately 330 meters per second i. A wave is a disturbance which is introduced into the medium at one end and travels through the medium by particle to particle interaction to the other end. Superposition and standing waves we are what we believe we are. What is a wave a wave is a disturbance that travels or propagates and transports energy and momentum without the transport of matter. This kind of stepwise transmission is called wave motion. The waves having the property where all the individual particles experience displacement perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the wave. Whether youre talking out loud, texting on your phone, or waving to someone in a crowd theres going to be a wave transmitting information.
Wave speed on a string, tension, intensity, power, amplitude, frequency inverse square law physics duration. The disturbance can be mass density, pressure, or electric field depending on the physical context. Waves are responsible for basically every form of communication we use. Sound wave multiple choice questions and answers objective quiz. Wave and motion grade 12 physics notes khullakitab. Pdf this undergraduate textbook on the physics of wave motion in optics. The displacement or disturbance of a plane sound wave can be described mathematically by the general equation for wave motion, which is written in simplified form as.
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